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Election Integrity & Foreign Influence Database

The truth about elections, held to a single standard.

Elections documented, attacked, and defended — with proven falsification kept strictly apart from interference, propaganda, and mere anomaly. Every finding is tiered by the strength of its evidence.

Explore elections How we verify

45: elections
20: operations
210: sources

Database last updated August 5, 2026

Election spotlight

2021

GermanyParliamentaryHeld

Germany 2021 Federal Election

In the weeks before the Bundestag vote, the Ghostwriter campaign ran spear-phishing against German federal and regional lawmakers to steal credentials for disinformation. Germany protested to Moscow and the EU issued a joint condemnation, but the attempts did not affect the count: Germany votes on hand-counted paper ballots, and an SPD-led coalition under Olaf Scholz took office. Another case of interference aimed at the information space, not the ballot box.

Foreign interference

1 established · 2 not established

See what the evidence shows

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Five categories, never conflated

The difference between these is the whole point. An attacked election is not the same as a falsified one.

Result falsification

The recorded numbers do not reflect the votes cast.

Process violations

Unequal media access, repression, illegal financing, vote buying, misuse of state resources.

Foreign interference

Cyberattacks, hack-and-leak, covert foreign financing, impersonation of media or institutions by a foreign state or proxy.

Information operations

Troll farms, fake local-media networks, covert political ads, coordinated inauthentic amplification — foreign or domestic.

Statistical anomalies

Patterns in the data worth examining — explicitly not proof of fraud.

A finding sits in exactly one category. Colors and icons carry the same meaning everywhere on the site.

From the case files

What was proven — and what was not

The clearest test of a trustworthy record is whether it can hold both statements at once.

Ukraine 2004 Presidential Election (run-off annulled)

What is established

Process violationsConfirmed
The Supreme Court ruled on 3 December 2004 that the Central Election Commission had acted unlawfully in determining the run-off result, annulled the resolutions declaring a winner, and ordered a repeat vote.
More detail
The Court found that the CEC had failed to examine territorial commission protocols and verify their accuracy, and had announced the results without considering complaints that were still pending. It annulled CEC resolutions No. 1264 and No. 1265 and ordered the Commission to schedule a repeat vote, which the CEC did the following day. The Court declined to declare the first-round leader elected.
Sources:1 2 3
Result falsificationConfirmed
Turnout figures for Donetsk region were increased, on occasions after the close of polls — a fact that emerged during the Supreme Court's consideration of the appeal against the run-off result.
More detail
Observers recorded that the CEC announced turnout exceeding 96 per cent for the entire Donetsk region, which ODIHR described as implausible. This is the point at which the record moves from procedural failure to the alteration of reported figures.
Sources:1 2

What is not established

Result falsificationContested
What the true 21 November result would have been — not established, and not establishable. The Supreme Court did not recompute a corrected tally; it held that the violations made it impossible to reliably establish the genuine will of the voters, which is why it ordered the vote to be held again rather than declaring a different winner.
Sources:1 2
Foreign interferenceContested
Who administered the poison — not established. The peer-reviewed study identifies the agent and confirms the poisoning but makes no finding about responsibility; the treating clinic said expressly that attributing blame was not its role; and no court has attributed it to any person or state.
Sources:1 2

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Method

Why you can trust this

No source, no claim. The same taxonomy and evidence bar applies to every country, party, and government — including Western democracies.

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Academy

Learn how elections actually work

How votes are counted and verified, why interference is not the same as fraud, and how to check a viral claim yourself.

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Updates

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