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Elections documented, attacked, and defended — with proven falsification kept strictly apart from interference, propaganda, and mere anomaly. Every finding is tiered by the strength of its evidence.

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Database last updated September 6, 2026

Election spotlight

2024

VenezuelaPresidentialHeld

Venezuela 2024 Presidential Election

Venezuela's 28 July 2024 presidential election was announced for Nicolás Maduro (51.2%) by the National Electoral Council — which then never published the polling-station results that Venezuelan law requires. The opposition published scanned tally sheets (actas) collected by its witnesses from 81.7% of polling stations, showing Edmundo González winning with 67% to Maduro's 30%. The Carter Center verified the actas as genuine, called the announced result statistically impossible, and concluded the election cannot be considered democratic. The government-aligned Supreme Court validated the announced result, González was forced into exile in Spain, and the UN Fact-Finding Mission found the results process below basic transparency and integrity standards.

Process violationsResult falsification

2 established · 1 not established

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Five categories, never conflated

The difference between these is the whole point. An attacked election is not the same as a falsified one.

Result falsification

The recorded numbers do not reflect the votes cast.

Process violations

Unequal media access, repression, illegal financing, vote buying, misuse of state resources.

Foreign interference

Cyberattacks, hack-and-leak, covert foreign financing, impersonation of media or institutions by a foreign state or proxy.

Information operations

Troll farms, fake local-media networks, covert political ads, coordinated inauthentic amplification — foreign or domestic.

Statistical anomalies

Patterns in the data worth examining — explicitly not proof of fraud.

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From the case files

What was proven — and what was not

The clearest test of a trustworthy record is whether it can hold both statements at once.

Moldova 2025 Parliamentary Election

What is established

Foreign interferenceConfirmed
ODIHR concluded that foreign interference, illicit financing, cyber-attacks and widespread disinformation undermined the electoral process, while distinguishing those pressures from the administration of election day.
Sources:1
Foreign interferenceCorroborated
Moldovan Police documented an ongoing investigation into Șor-affiliated organizers using sanctioned Russian bank PSB, the Taito app and Telegram channels for suspected electoral corruption and Russian-coordinated disinformation before the vote.
Sources:1 2

What is not established

Result falsificationDebunked
The interference and financing findings do not establish changed vote totals. ODIHR described election day as well organized and transparent, despite a number of concerning security incidents, and the Constitutional Court confirmed the results.
Sources:1 2
Foreign interferenceAlleged
The cited sources do not quantify how many votes, if any, were changed by illicit payments, cyber-attacks or disinformation. Documented attempts and measurable electoral effect are separate questions.
Sources:1 2