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Election Integrity Database

The truth about elections, held to a single standard.

Elections documented, attacked, and defended — with proven falsification kept strictly apart from interference, propaganda, and mere anomaly. Every finding is tiered by the strength of its evidence.

62
elections
20
operations
395
sources

Database last updated September 6, 2026

The database at a glance

62
Elections documented
20
Influence operations
3
Narratives tracked
395
Archived sources

Documented findings by category

Result falsification15
Process violations110
Foreign interference22
Information operations40
Statistical anomalies10

Documented cases over time

2019202020212022202320242025202620272019 · Malawi 2019–2020 Presidential Election and Fresh Election2019 · Canada 2019 General Election2019 · Bolivia 2019 General Election2019 · Star Blizzard UK 2019 trade-document hack-and-leak2019 · United Kingdom 2019 General Election2020 · Belarus 2020 Presidential Election2020 · Iran 2020 Voter-Threat and Disinformation Campaign2020 · United States 2020 Presidential Election2021 · Zambia 2021 General Election2021 · PRC-linked WeChat narratives in Canada's 2021 election2021 · Germany 2021 Federal Election2021 · Canada 2021 General Election2021 · Morocco 2021 Parliamentary Election2021 · Cabo Verde 2021 Presidential Election2021 · Nicaragua 2021 General Election2021 · The Gambia 2021 Presidential Election2022 · Hungary 2022 Parliamentary Election2022 · Philippines 2022 Presidential Election2022 · Doppelganger / RRN2022 · Sweden 2022 Parliamentary Election2022 · Bosnia and Herzegovina 2022 General Election2022 · Brazil 2022 Presidential Election2022 · Latvia 2022 Parliamentary Election2022 · Israel 2022 Knesset Election2022 · Fiji 2022 General Election2023 · DRAGONBRIDGE / Spamouflage Taiwan 2024 Campaign2023 · Iran CDPC U.S. 2024 Influence Planning2023 · Nigeria 2023 Presidential Election2023 · Türkiye 2023 Presidential Election2023 · Guatemala 2023 General Election2023 · Storm-15162023 · Slovakia 2023 Parliamentary Election2023 · Storm-1679 / Matryoshka2023 · Argentina 2023 General Election2023 · Poland 2023 Parliamentary Elections2023 · New Zealand 2023 General Election2023 · Serbia 2023 Early Parliamentary Election2024 · Taiwan 2024 Presidential Election2024 · CGE U.S. 2024 AI Disinformation Operation2024 · Indonesia 2024 Presidential Election2024 · Pakistan 2024 General Election2024 · Senegal 2024 Presidential Election2024 · Russia 2024 Presidential Election2024 · India 2024 Lok Sabha Election2024 · South Africa 2024 General Election2024 · Iran 2024 U.S. Hack-and-Leak Campaign2024 · Zero Zeno India 2024 activity2024 · France 2024 Snap Legislative Election2024 · France 2024 European Parliament Election2024 · Mexico 2024 General Election2024 · Venezuela 2024 Presidential Election2024 · Șor Network Moldova Election Operations, 2024–20252024 · Bulgaria 2024 October Parliamentary Election2024 · Georgia 2024 Parliamentary Elections2024 · Moldova 2024 Presidential Election & EU Referendum2024 · Mozambique 2024 General Election2024 · Romania 2024 Presidential Election (annulled)2024 · United States 2024 Presidential Election2024 · Romania TikTok Amplification Operation, 20242025 · Germany 2025 Federal Election2025 · Ecuador 2025 Presidential Election2025 · Poland 2025 Presidential Election2025 · Romania 2025 Repeat Presidential Election2025 · South Korea 2025 Presidential Election2025 · Moldova 2025 Parliamentary Election2026 · Rokh Solis2026 · France 2026 Municipal Elections2026 · Zambia 2026 General Election

2019–2027 · 68 of 82

20042027
68/82

From the case files

What was proven — and what was not

The clearest test of a trustworthy record is whether it can hold both statements at once.

South Africa 2024 General Election

What is established

  • Process violationsConfirmed

    The Electoral Commission's public results leaderboard displayed zeros for about two hours on 31 May 2024, and the commission has acknowledged the failure and published its cause.

    More detail

    An optimisation of the data-warehouse extract job was migrated to the live system at 06h15 on 31 May; at 06h30 the leaderboards at the results operations centres, the public website, the dashboard, the APIs and the feeds to media and political contestants all showed zeros, while internal management reports continued to display data. Displays were restored at about 08h45. The commission states that one line of test code left behind during the migration set the ready-to-display flag to zero for all results, that 2,614 voting district results for 1,213 voting districts were captured during the interrupted period, and that no results data was affected.

    Sources:12
  • Process violationsConfirmed

    Voter management devices malfunctioned during special voting and on election day, delaying voting at affected stations.

    More detail

    The Electoral Commission reports that from special voting on 27 May the voters' roll application on the devices randomly wrote duplicate records to local storage and transmitted them, in some cases more than 10,000 for a single transaction, congesting the application pools so that other devices responded slowly or not at all; the root cause was single-threaded execution on Android timing out during voter sessions. The African Union mission recorded malfunctioning devices, long queues and poor management of counting procedures; the African Centre for Governance mission recorded delayed openings, devices largely offline and some stations voting late into the night.

    Sources:123

What is not established

  • Result falsificationAlleged

    uMkhonto weSizwe's contention that the 2024 election was not free and fair and should be set aside has not been upheld in any forum.

    More detail

    The party asked the Electoral Court to declare the result not free and fair and invalid and to order a fresh election within 90 days (case 34/2024EC); it withdrew that application and costs were awarded to the Electoral Commission. A second application on the same grounds (39/2024EC) was still before the Electoral Court as of May 2025, and at a hearing on 17 June 2026 the party argued a narrowed case confined to the results-display interruption; judgment was reserved and no decision had been reported when this page was reviewed on 29 August 2026. The African Transformation Movement's application (35/2024EC) was dismissed without an oral hearing on the ground that it produced no credible evidence and that challenging the result before exhausting the section 55 procedure was premature; the African Restoration Alliance's appeal against the rejection of its objections (32/2024EC) was dismissed without an oral hearing for unjustified delay and little prospect of success. No court has upheld an allegation that the count was falsified.

    Sources:12
  • Result falsificationAlleged

    No finding has been made that the two-hour results-display interruption altered any result, and the question is still before the Electoral Court.

    More detail

    The Electoral Commission's published account is that the functional part of the results system remained available throughout, that capturing at municipal sites continued, and that only the display of the data was disturbed. uMkhonto weSizwe argues that optimising the live system during counting was itself unjustified interference. The Constitutional Court dismissed the party's June 2024 application to interdict the first sitting of the National Assembly (CCT 178/24) on the grounds that the challenge did not engage its exclusive jurisdiction and that the delay in launching it was not justified, rather than on the merits of the allegation.

    Sources:12
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Method

Why you can trust this

No source, no claim. The same taxonomy and evidence bar applies to every country, party, and government — including Western democracies.

Read the methodology

Academy

Learn how elections actually work

How votes are counted and verified, why interference is not the same as fraud, and how to check a viral claim yourself.

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