Election Integrity Database
The truth about elections, held to a single standard.
Elections documented, attacked, and defended — with proven falsification kept strictly apart from interference, propaganda, and mere anomaly. Every finding is tiered by the strength of its evidence.
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Database last updated September 24, 2026
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Show me cases where Foreign interference was established and Result falsification was not established. 16 cases match.
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Documented findings by category
Documented cases over time
2019–2027 · 70 of 84
Five categories, never conflated
The difference between these is the whole point. An attacked election is not the same as a falsified one.
The recorded numbers do not reflect the votes cast.
Process violationsUnequal media access, repression, illegal financing, vote buying, misuse of state resources.
Foreign interferenceCyberattacks, hack-and-leak, covert foreign financing, impersonation of media or institutions by a foreign state or proxy.
Information operationsTroll farms, fake local-media networks, covert political ads, coordinated inauthentic amplification — foreign or domestic.
Statistical anomaliesPatterns in the data worth examining — explicitly not proof of fraud.
A finding sits in exactly one category. Colors and icons carry the same meaning everywhere on the site.
From the case files
What was proven — and what was not
The clearest test of a trustworthy record is whether it can hold both statements at once.
France 2024 Snap Legislative Election
What is established
- Process violationsConfirmed
Reviewing 85 challenges, the Constitutional Council annulled the election in two constituencies and later declared three elected deputies ineligible for campaign-finance breaches, removing them from office.
More detail
On 13 February 2025 it annulled the election in the 2nd constituency of Jura because the winner's second-round opponent, under reinforced guardianship, had been ineligible and his participation decisively affected the distribution of votes. On 7 March 2025 it annulled the election in the 5th constituency of Saône-et-Loire: counting errors at three polling stations, where tables found more ballots than envelopes, led it to deduct five votes from every candidate, which left a candidate who had cleared the 12.5 per cent threshold for the second round by four votes below it. On 11 July 2025 it declared Jean Laussucq (Paris, 2nd constituency), Stéphane Vojetta (5th constituency for French residents abroad) and Brigitte Barèges (Tarn-et-Garonne, 1st constituency) ineligible for one year over expenses paid outside the rules or an in-kind municipal contribution, so that by-elections were required. Each decision concerned a single constituency; none bore on the national result.
- Information operationsConfirmed
VIGINUM attributed with high confidence to the Russian Storm-1516 set a fake 'Ensemble' coalition website that told voters the coalition would pay them 100 euros for their vote.
More detail
VIGINUM assesses with a high level of confidence that operators of the CopyCop network, which it describes as directly involved in Storm-1516 operations, registered the domain ensemble-24.fr on 19 June 2024, typosquatting the coalition's official site ensemble-2024.fr and copying its graphic identity. The fake site claimed the coalition was offering voters a 'Macron bonus' of 100 euros in exchange for their vote and asked them to send their national insurance number to an address matching the party's. VIGINUM dates the operation to 26 June 2024 and counts it among at least 20 Storm-1516 operations aimed at elections in Europe and the United States; it does not measure the site's reach or any effect on votes.
Sources:1
What is not established
- Process violationsDebunked
Challenges claiming that the compressed timetable violated the freedom or integrity of the election were rejected by the Constitutional Council, which held that the 30 June first round complied with Article 12's 20-to-40-day window.
- Statistical anomaliesDebunked
A mismatch between nationwide second-round vote shares and total seats is not evidence of altered counts. Candidates did not contest every constituency in round two, and seats were awarded through 577 separate races.
Sources:1
Method
Why you can trust this
No source, no claim. The same taxonomy and evidence bar applies to every country, party, and government — including Western democracies.
Read the methodologyAcademy
Learn how elections actually work
How votes are counted and verified, why interference is not the same as fraud, and how to check a viral claim yourself.
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Recently added and revised
- ElectionBosnia and Herzegovina 2022 General Election
- ElectionBulgaria 2024 October Parliamentary Election
- ElectionBolivia 2019 General Election
- ElectionBrazil 2022 Presidential Election
- ElectionGermany 2025 Federal Election
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